Glycomics Analysis of Milk Exosomes

Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 50-150 nm, secreted by cells under physiological or pathological conditions. Exosomes have a double-layer membrane structure, and the main components include proteins, RNA, DNA, amino acids, and various metabolites. Milk-derived exosomes are safe, have a long half-life, easy to obtain, low immunogenicity, and high biocompatibility. Glycosylation of milk exosome surface proteins is essential for exosome cargo sorting and targeted transport.

Figure 1. Electron-microscopic observation of milk exosomes. (Zhong et al. 2021)

Protein Glycosylation

Proteins in cells undergo some form of covalent chemical modification during formation or after synthesis, i.e., protein post-translational modifications. The protein glycosylation modification process is complex, and glycans are assembled separately in the absence of a template through a series of individual catalytic reactions. Each glycosylation modification site can be linked to a different glycan modification with macroscopic inhomogeneity and microscopic inhomogeneity.

Our Services

Lifeasible provides milk exosome glycomics analysis; the analysis of protein glycosylation is divided into two main directions: glycomics and glycoproteomics. These two directions take glycoconjugates and intact glycopeptides/glycoproteins as the objects of study, respectively. Through high-throughput and large-scale identification, we can comprehensively analyze the composition/structure of glycoconjugates and the types/glycosylation sites of glycoproteins, which can compensate for the defects of genomics and proteomics and obtain more modification information.

• Glycomics Analysis

The object of glycomics analysis is mainly free glycan chains, and the service is divided into 4 main steps.

1. Release of glycan chains.
2. Derivatization of the sugar chains.
3. Bio-mass spectrometry-based detection.
4. Data processing and analysis.

• Glycoproteomics Analysis

There are two main strategies for proteomics analysis based on biomass spectrometry, bottom-up and top-down. The specific studies are divided into four parts.

1. Isolation and enrichment of glycoproteins/glycopeptides.
2. Enzymatic digestion.
3. Biomass spectrometry-based detection.
4. Data processing and analysis.

In addition to the above services, Lifeasible also provides other services related to exosomes, and we have the expertise to help you solve your project problems. If you are interested in our services, or if the service you want is not listed, please feel free to contact us, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Service Advantages

• As a continued leader in exosome services, we provide comprehensive one-stop solutions for various industries and fields.
• Professional laboratory equipment, advanced assay technologies and solutions, and rapid data reporting.
• Professional research team, including highly educated personnel with Ph.D. and M.S. degrees, to efficiently provide solutions to our clients.
• We are a partner you can trust, and our staff is very enthusiastic to communicate with you to ensure you get the best quality service.
• Industry-leading audit, testing, and inspection delivery cycle.